Copper (♀ Venus)

Copper is the metal of Venus (♀), the planet of love, beauty, and harmonious union. In the sevenfold metal-planet affinity studied by Kollerstrom, copper's warm reddish luster and excellent conductivity mirror Venus's qualities of attraction and connection. On the island of Cyprus — etymological source of both 'copper' (cuprum) and Aphrodite's cult — the metal was sacred to the goddess. Alchemically, copper sits between the noble metals (gold, silver) and the base metals (lead, iron), embodying the mediating, relational principle that draws opposites toward conjunction.